The emissions of the major greenhouse gases (GHGs), i.e. carbon\uddioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from water resource\udrecovery facilities (WRRFs) are of increasing concern in the water industry. In\udorder to produce useful and comparable information for monitoring, assessing,\udand reporting GHG emissions from WRRFs, there is a need for a generally\udaccepted methodology for their quantification. This paper aims at proposing the\udfirst protocol for monitoring and accounting for GHG emissions from WRRFs,\udtaking into account both direct and indirect internal emissions and focusing the\udattention on plant sections known to be primarily responsible for GHG emissions\ud(i.e. oxidation tanks and sludge digestors). The main novelties of the\udproposed protocol are: (i) measurement of direct internal emissions ascribed to\udaeration devices; (ii) estimation of indirect internal emissions derived from field\udmeasurement; (iii) GHG emission offset due to biogas energy recovery quantified\udby monitoring biogas composition in case of anaerobic digestion. Finally,\udthe proposed methodology enables and allows the gathering of useful information\udon plants (e.g. energetic efficiency of the aeration device system and\udcomposition of biogas produced in anaerobic digestion) to address potential\udstrategies for improving the plants’ performance.
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